<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?><OAI-PMH xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/OAI-PMH.xsd"><responseDate>2026-06-07T05:58:04Z</responseDate><request identifier="10.15463/ostdata-bsb-9951568623" metadataPrefix="datacite" verb="GetRecord">https://www.radar-service.eu/oai/OAIHandler</request><GetRecord><record><header><identifier>10.15463/ostdata-bsb-9951568623</identifier><datestamp>2026-05-28T09:54:50Z</datestamp></header><metadata><resource xmlns="http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4"
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   <identifier identifierType="DOI">10.15463/ostdata-bsb-9951568623</identifier>
   <creators>
      <creator>
         <creatorName>Grigoriadis, Theocharis</creatorName>
         <givenName>Theocharis</givenName>
         <familyName>Grigoriadis</familyName>
         <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="http://orcid.org/">0000-0003-2639-2391</nameIdentifier>
         <affiliation affiliationIdentifier="https://ror.org/046ak2485"
                      affiliationIdentifierScheme="ROR"
                      schemeURI="https://ror.org/">Freie Universität Berlin</affiliation>
      </creator>
      <creator>
         <creatorName>Lipin, Artem</creatorName>
         <givenName>Artem</givenName>
         <familyName>Lipin</familyName>
         <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="http://orcid.org/">0009-0005-7857-018X</nameIdentifier>
         <affiliation/>
      </creator>
   </creators>
   <titles>
      <title>Forschungsdatenkollektion "Data on Surveillance &amp; Repression in the Russian Empire, 1886-1912"</title>
      <title titleType="TranslatedTitle">Research Data Collection "Data on Surveillance &amp; Repression in the Russian Empire, 1886-1912"</title>
   </titles>
   <publisher>Bavarian State Library</publisher>
   <dates>
      <date dateType="Created">2024</date>
   </dates>
   <publicationYear>2025</publicationYear>
   <subjects>
      <subject>Ost-, Ostmittel- und Südosteuropastudien</subject>
      <subject>East, Central and Southeast European Studies</subject>
      <subject>History</subject>
      <subject>Osteuropäische Geschichte</subject>
      <subject>Eastern European History</subject>
      <subject valueURI="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4076899-5"
               subjectScheme="GND"
               schemeURI="https://d-nb.info/gnd/"
               classificationCode="4076899-5">Russland</subject>
      <subject valueURI="https://d-nb.info/gnd/108639495X"
               subjectScheme="GND"
               schemeURI="https://d-nb.info/gnd/"
               classificationCode="108639495X">Rossija (vor 1917). Ochrannoe Otdelenie</subject>
      <subject valueURI="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4257314-2"
               subjectScheme="GND"
               schemeURI="https://d-nb.info/gnd/"
               classificationCode="4257314-2">Unterdrückung</subject>
      <subject>Geschichte 1887-1910</subject>
   </subjects>
   <resourceType resourceTypeGeneral="Dataset">Statistische Auswertung / Statistical Data</resourceType>
   <rightsList>
      <rights rightsURI="info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess">Open Access</rights>
      <rights schemeURI="https://spdx.org/licenses/"
              rightsIdentifierScheme="SPDX"
              rightsIdentifier="CC-BY-4.0"
              rightsURI="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International</rights>
   </rightsList>
   <contributors>
      <contributor contributorType="RightsHolder">
         <contributorName>Grigoriadis, Theocharis</contributorName>
         <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="https://orcid.org/">0000-0003-2639-2391</nameIdentifier>
      </contributor>
      <contributor contributorType="ProjectMember">
         <contributorName>Russakova, Tanya</contributorName>
         <affiliation/>
      </contributor>
      <contributor contributorType="ProjectMember">
         <contributorName>Maley, Arseny</contributorName>
         <affiliation/>
      </contributor>
      <contributor contributorType="ProjectMember">
         <contributorName>Movsesyan, Vagram</contributorName>
         <affiliation/>
      </contributor>
      <contributor contributorType="ProjectMember">
         <contributorName>Ivanov, Vladislav</contributorName>
         <affiliation/>
      </contributor>
   </contributors>
   <descriptions>
      <description descriptionType="Abstract">EN - This is the most detailed and updated dataset on autocracy and political development in the Russian Empire. The first part of the dataset covers the internal intelligence of the Russian Secret Police (Okhrana) under Alexander III. and Nicholas II., the two last Tsars of the Russian Empire (1886-1901). It includes extensive lists of individuals under investigation as well as revolutionaries accused for crimes against the state. Their socio-economic and cultural characteristics as well as the geographic location of their investigation/arrest also constitute an inherent part of the reported information, which was collected by Theocharis Grigoriadis in the Russian and Soviet Library and Archives of the Hoover Institution (Stanford, California). Furthermore, the second part of the dataset includes rights deprivation data from the archival files of the Imperial Russian Ministry of Justice (1894-1912). It was collected by Theocharis Grigoriadis in the Russian State Historical Archive (Saint Petersburg, Russia). It includes lists of individuals who were convicted for serious criminal offenses (distinguished crimes) and were deprived of their basic rights. In most cases, their rights deprivation included imprisonment or lifetime exile. The occupational status of the convicted and the geographic location of the court issuing each deprivation are also available.</description>
      <description descriptionType="Abstract">DE - Dies ist der detaillierteste und aktuellste Datensatz zu Autokratie und politischer Entwicklung im Russischen Reich. Der erste Teil des Datensatzes umfasst die internen Geheimdienstinformationen der russischen Geheimpolizei (Ochrana) unter Alexander III. und Nikolaus II., den beiden letzten Zaren des Russischen Reiches (1886–1901). Er enthält umfangreiche Listen von Personen, gegen die ermittelt wurde, sowie von Revolutionären, die wegen Verbrechen gegen den Staat angeklagt waren. Ihre sozioökonomischen und kulturellen Merkmale sowie der geografische Ort ihrer Ermittlung/Verhaftung sind ebenfalls fester Bestandteil der gemeldeten Informationen, die von Theocharis Grigoriadis in der Russischen und Sowjetischen Bibliothek und den Archiven der Hoover Institution (Stanford, Kalifornien) gesammelt wurden. Darüber hinaus enthält der zweite Teil des Datensatzes Daten zu Rechtsentziehungen aus den Archivakten des kaiserlich-russischen Justizministeriums (1894–1912). Diese wurden von Theocharis Grigoriadis im Russischen Staatshistorischen Archiv (Sankt Petersburg, Russland) zusammengestellt. Sie umfassen Listen von Personen, die wegen schwerer Straftaten (besonderer Verbrechen) verurteilt und ihrer Grundrechte beraubt wurden. In den meisten Fällen umfasste der Entzug ihrer Rechte eine Freiheitsstrafe oder lebenslange Verbannung. Der berufliche Status der Verurteilten und der geografische Ort des Gerichts, das den jeweiligen Entzug ausgesprochen hat, sind ebenfalls verfügbar. (maschinelle Übersetzung)</description>
      <description descriptionType="Methods">The folder contains the results of the cleaning, geolocating, and collapsing the Deprivation and Okhrana data on the province-year level. It contains the three subfolders “python_code”, “raw_data” and “results”.
Folder “python_code”: File okhrana_merge.ipynb contains Python code that merges several files containing Deprivation/Okhrana data. Some cleaning is performed as well. After that, it geolocates the observations based on the locations of the courts (for Deprivation) or gendarme custodies (for Okhrana). The results are further collapsed at the province(governorate)-year level. Below you can find more detailed description of the code. Note that the Python file includes fairly detailed comments for further reference.
For further Details see the readme file in the ZIP-file.
</description>
      <description descriptionType="Other">Die Kollektion an Forschungsdatensätzen basiert auf den folgenden Archivbeständen:  Hoover Institution Archives, Register of the Okhrana records, Boxes 1-3, Vedomost' doznaniam, proizvodishimsia v zhandarmskikh upravleniakh Imperii po gosudarstvennym prestupleniam, 1887-1897, Index I, Folders 1-9, Stanford, CA: List of Accused Revolutionaries for Crimes Against the State.  Hoover Institution Archives, Register of the Okhrana records, Boxes 1-3, Obzor vaznieishikh doznanii, proizvodivshikhsia v zhandarmskikh upravleniiakh Imperii, po gosudarstvennym prestupleniiam, 1892-1901, Index I, Folders 10-16, Stanford, CA: List of Accused Revolutionaries for Crimes Against the State.  Hoover Institution Archives, Register of the Okhrana records, Boxes 157-159, Spisok lits rozyskivaemykh po delam departamenta politsii (Police Department Roster of Persons Subject to Investigation), 1886-1910, Index XIIId(1), Folders 1-6, Stanford, CA: Alphabet -- List of People Subject to Investigation.</description>
   </descriptions>
   <language>
          en
        </language>
   <sizes>
      <size/>
   </sizes>
   <formats>
      <format>application/x-tar</format>
   </formats>
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