2026-06-03T05:34:17Zhttps://www.radar-service.eu/oai/OAIHandler10.35097/m0njhdq764acc19e2025-05-14T10:48:54Zradar4kit
10.35097/m0njhdq764acc19e
Petry, Julian
Julian
Petry
0009-0004-6653-9735
Institut für Mikrostrukturtechnik (IMT), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Škorjanc, Viktor
Viktor
Škorjanc
Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie (HZB)
Diercks, Alexander
Alexander
Diercks
Lichttechnisches Institut (LTI), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Feeney, Thomas
Thomas
Feeney
0000-0001-5032-0625
Lichttechnisches Institut (LTI), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Morsa, Amedeo
Amedeo
Morsa
Kimmig, Sara Rose
Sara Rose
Kimmig
Institut für Angewandte Geowissenschaften (AGW), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Baumann, Jens
Jens
Baumann
Löffler, Frank
Frank
Löffler
Auschill, Stefan
Stefan
Auschill
Damm, Joshua
Joshua
Damm
Institut für Mikrostrukturtechnik (IMT), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Baumann, Daniel
Daniel
Baumann
Institut für Mikrostrukturtechnik (IMT), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Laufer, Felix
Felix
Laufer
0000-0002-6186-4772
Lichttechnisches Institut (LTI), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Kurpiers, Jona
Jona
Kurpiers
Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie (HZB)
Müller, Michael
Michael
Müller
Forschungszentrum Jülich (FZJ)
Korte, Lars
Lars
Korte
Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie (HZB)
Albrecht, Steve
Steve
Albrecht
Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie (HZB)
Roß, Marcel
Marcel
Roß
Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie (HZB)
Paetzold, Ulrich W.
Ulrich W.
Paetzold
0000-0002-1557-8361
Institut für Mikrostrukturtechnik (IMT), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Fassl, Paul
Paul
Fassl
0000-0002-9604-3405
Institut für Mikrostrukturtechnik (IMT), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Research data for: Petry et al. - Industrialization of Perovskite Solar Cell Fabrication: Strategies to Achieve High-Throughput Vapor Deposition Processes
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
2025
2025
Engineering
perovskite solar cells
tandem solar cells
photovoltaic
vapor phase deposition
vacuum deposition
industrialization
upscaling
renewable energy
sublimation
evaporation
precursor stability
pilot line
Open Access
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
Petry, Julian
0009-0004-6653-9735
Škorjanc, Viktor
Diercks, Alexander
Feeney, Thomas
0000-0001-5032-0625
Morsa, Amedeo
Kimmig, Sara Rose
Baumann, Jens
Löffler, Frank
Auschill, Stefan
Damm, Joshua
Baumann, Daniel
Laufer, Felix
0000-0002-6186-4772
Kurpiers, Jona
Müller, Michael
Korte, Lars
Albrecht, Steve
Roß, Marcel
Paetzold, Ulrich W.
0000-0002-1557-8361
Fassl, Paul
0000-0002-9604-3405
Vapor phase deposition processes hold great potential for industrializing the deposition of perovskite-based absorbers, offering a pathway to commercialization. Specifically, the scalability, ability to produce conformal coatings, and established use in industrial processing of optoelectronic devices lead to the assumption that thermal sublimation is inherently suitable for commercial-scale perovskite solar cell production. However, ensuring economic viability requires a detailed assessment of achievable production throughputs, a key factor in achieving cost-effective large-scale manufacturing. This work bridges the gap between research focus and industry needs by introducing and analyzing three strategies to increase production throughput in an industrial context: (1) We investigate the thermal stability of key perovskite precursor materials to provide guidelines for safe operation by mitigating decomposition risks. (2) We critically evaluate the industrial feasibility of common deposition modes, including co-deposition and sequential deposition as scaling from laboratory to industrial production introduces new challenges in terms of material utilization and compositional material homogeneity. In addition, we analyze the static deposition rate profiles of key perovskite precursor materials and use this data to conceptualize a linear sublimation source. (3) A simulation-based approach allows an estimation of the horizontal scale-out required to achieve a production throughput of 1000 M10-size wafers per hour, which is considered the minimum threshold for pilot-scale production. This analysis explores strategies to achieve a fabrication throughput that is three orders of magnitude higher than the current academic discussion of accelerated vapor phase deposition based on laboratory-scale equipment. The sublimation of the organic precursor material is identified as a critical bottleneck and alternative deposition methods for achieving high production throughput are discussed. By addressing these key technical and economic challenges, our study offers practical insights for the transition of sublimation-based perovskite deposition from laboratory research to industrial-scale manufacturing.
This is the data generated during and/or analyzed during the study "Industrialization of Perovskite Solar Cell Fabrication: Strategies to Achieve High-Throughput Vapor Deposition Processes". The data is attributed to each figure in the original publicaton. The code for simulating the production throughput has been deposited and is freely available at https://github.com/JulianPetry/Throughput-calculation. The code in the repository is associated with a GNU General Public License (GPL 3.0).
https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/1000181664
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