<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?><OAI-PMH xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/OAI-PMH.xsd"><responseDate>2026-05-01T23:56:09Z</responseDate><request identifier="10.48606/9" metadataPrefix="datacite" verb="GetRecord">https://www.radar-service.eu/oai/OAIHandler</request><GetRecord><record><header><identifier>10.48606/9</identifier><datestamp>2026-04-24T07:43:05Z</datestamp></header><metadata><resource xmlns="http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4"
          xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
          xsi:schemaLocation="http://datacite.org/schema/kernel-4 https://schema.datacite.org/meta/kernel-4.4/metadata.xsd">
   <identifier identifierType="DOI">10.48606/9</identifier>
   <creators>
      <creator>
         <creatorName>Schneider, Gerald</creatorName>
         <givenName>Gerald</givenName>
         <familyName>Schneider</familyName>
         <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="http://orcid.org/">0000-0002-0091-6217</nameIdentifier>
         <affiliation>University of Konstanz</affiliation>
      </creator>
      <creator>
         <creatorName>Bussmann, Margit</creatorName>
         <givenName>Margit</givenName>
         <familyName>Bussmann</familyName>
         <affiliation>Greifswald University</affiliation>
      </creator>
   </creators>
   <titles>
      <title>KOSVED: Konstanz One-Sided Event Dataset</title>
   </titles>
   <publisher>Universität Konstanz</publisher>
   <dates>
      <date dateType="Created">2013</date>
   </dates>
   <publicationYear>2021</publicationYear>
   <subjects>
      <subject>Social Sciences</subject>
      <subject>One-Sided Violence</subject>
      <subject>Civil War</subject>
      <subject>Time Series</subject>
   </subjects>
   <resourceType resourceTypeGeneral="Dataset"/>
   <rightsList>
      <rights rightsURI="info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess">Open Access</rights>
      <rights schemeURI="https://spdx.org/licenses/"
              rightsIdentifierScheme="SPDX"
              rightsIdentifier="CC-BY-4.0"
              rightsURI="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International</rights>
   </rightsList>
   <contributors>
      <contributor contributorType="RightsHolder">
         <contributorName>Schneider, Gerald</contributorName>
      </contributor>
      <contributor contributorType="RightsHolder">
         <contributorName>Bussmann, Margit</contributorName>
      </contributor>
      <contributor contributorType="ProjectMember">
         <contributorName>Bräunig, Alexander</contributorName>
         <affiliation>University of Konstanz</affiliation>
      </contributor>
      <contributor contributorType="ProjectMember">
         <contributorName>Claycamp, Kathryn</contributorName>
         <affiliation>University of Konstanz</affiliation>
      </contributor>
      <contributor contributorType="ProjectMember">
         <contributorName>Ehinger, Christian</contributorName>
         <affiliation>University of Konstanz</affiliation>
      </contributor>
      <contributor contributorType="ProjectMember">
         <contributorName>Günther, Simone</contributorName>
         <affiliation>University of Konstanz</affiliation>
      </contributor>
      <contributor contributorType="ProjectMember">
         <contributorName>van der Haer, Roos</contributorName>
         <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="http://orcid.org/">0000-0001-5953-9041</nameIdentifier>
         <affiliation>University of Konstanz</affiliation>
      </contributor>
      <contributor contributorType="ProjectMember">
         <contributorName>Niedermeier, Eva-Maria</contributorName>
         <affiliation>University of Konstanz</affiliation>
      </contributor>
      <contributor contributorType="ProjectMember">
         <contributorName>Nöh, Anna</contributorName>
         <affiliation>University of Konstanz</affiliation>
      </contributor>
      <contributor contributorType="ProjectMember">
         <contributorName>Ruhe, Constantin</contributorName>
         <affiliation>University of Konstanz</affiliation>
      </contributor>
      <contributor contributorType="ProjectMember">
         <contributorName>Scharpf, Adam</contributorName>
         <affiliation>University of Konstanz</affiliation>
      </contributor>
      <contributor contributorType="ProjectMember">
         <contributorName>Akdoğan, Ayla</contributorName>
         <affiliation>University of Konstanz</affiliation>
      </contributor>
      <contributor contributorType="ProjectMember">
         <contributorName>Aschmann, Gwendolin</contributorName>
         <affiliation>University of Konstanz</affiliation>
      </contributor>
      <contributor contributorType="ProjectMember">
         <contributorName>Bauer, Robert</contributorName>
         <affiliation>University of Konstanz</affiliation>
      </contributor>
      <contributor contributorType="ProjectMember">
         <contributorName>Bosler, Naomi</contributorName>
         <affiliation>University of Konstanz</affiliation>
      </contributor>
      <contributor contributorType="ProjectMember">
         <contributorName>Bräunig, Alexander</contributorName>
         <affiliation>University of Konstanz</affiliation>
      </contributor>
      <contributor contributorType="ProjectMember">
         <contributorName>Bringenberg, Lena</contributorName>
         <affiliation>University of Konstanz</affiliation>
      </contributor>
      <contributor contributorType="ProjectMember">
         <contributorName>Brutschin, Elina</contributorName>
         <nameIdentifier nameIdentifierScheme="ORCID" schemeURI="http://orcid.org/">0000-0001-7040-3057</nameIdentifier>
         <affiliation>University of Konstanz</affiliation>
      </contributor>
      <contributor contributorType="ProjectMember">
         <contributorName>Claycamp, Kathryn</contributorName>
         <affiliation>University of Konstanz</affiliation>
      </contributor>
      <contributor contributorType="ProjectMember">
         <contributorName>Dinter, Vanessa</contributorName>
         <affiliation>University of Konstanz</affiliation>
      </contributor>
      <contributor contributorType="ProjectMember">
         <contributorName>Erhard, Johannes</contributorName>
         <affiliation>University of Konstanz</affiliation>
      </contributor>
      <contributor contributorType="ProjectMember">
         <contributorName>Geldmacher, Sandra</contributorName>
         <affiliation>University of Konstanz</affiliation>
      </contributor>
      <contributor contributorType="ProjectMember">
         <contributorName>Göller, Benedikt</contributorName>
         <affiliation>University of Konstanz</affiliation>
      </contributor>
      <contributor contributorType="ProjectMember">
         <contributorName>Günther, Simone</contributorName>
         <affiliation>University of Konstanz</affiliation>
      </contributor>
      <contributor contributorType="ProjectMember">
         <contributorName>Hartung, Johanna</contributorName>
         <affiliation>University of Konstanz</affiliation>
      </contributor>
      <contributor contributorType="ProjectMember">
         <contributorName>Hess, Ann-Kathrin</contributorName>
         <affiliation>University of Konstanz</affiliation>
      </contributor>
      <contributor contributorType="ProjectMember">
         <contributorName>Hock, Katharina</contributorName>
         <affiliation>University of Konstanz</affiliation>
      </contributor>
      <contributor contributorType="ProjectMember">
         <contributorName>Hölzer, Anna</contributorName>
         <affiliation>University of Konstanz</affiliation>
      </contributor>
      <contributor contributorType="ProjectMember">
         <contributorName>Knickel, Tim</contributorName>
         <affiliation>University of Konstanz</affiliation>
      </contributor>
      <contributor contributorType="ProjectMember">
         <contributorName>Koch, Julia</contributorName>
         <affiliation>University of Konstanz</affiliation>
      </contributor>
      <contributor contributorType="ProjectMember">
         <contributorName>Kropp, Roman</contributorName>
         <affiliation>University of Konstanz</affiliation>
      </contributor>
      <contributor contributorType="ProjectMember">
         <contributorName>Krüger, Juliane</contributorName>
         <affiliation>University of Konstanz</affiliation>
      </contributor>
      <contributor contributorType="ProjectMember">
         <contributorName>Lutz, Sandra</contributorName>
         <affiliation>University of Konstanz</affiliation>
      </contributor>
      <contributor contributorType="ProjectMember">
         <contributorName>Merkelbach, Jana</contributorName>
         <affiliation>University of Konstanz</affiliation>
      </contributor>
      <contributor contributorType="ProjectMember">
         <contributorName>Niedermeier, Eva-Maria</contributorName>
         <affiliation>University of Konstanz</affiliation>
      </contributor>
      <contributor contributorType="ProjectMember">
         <contributorName>Nieslony, Lukas</contributorName>
         <affiliation>University of Konstanz</affiliation>
      </contributor>
      <contributor contributorType="ProjectMember">
         <contributorName>Schill, Tobias</contributorName>
         <affiliation>University of Konstanz</affiliation>
      </contributor>
      <contributor contributorType="ProjectMember">
         <contributorName>Schmidt, Marian</contributorName>
         <affiliation>University of Konstanz</affiliation>
      </contributor>
      <contributor contributorType="ProjectMember">
         <contributorName>Siegert, Christine</contributorName>
         <affiliation>University of Konstanz</affiliation>
      </contributor>
      <contributor contributorType="ProjectMember">
         <contributorName>Thormann, Vita</contributorName>
         <affiliation>University of Konstanz</affiliation>
      </contributor>
      <contributor contributorType="ProjectMember">
         <contributorName>Virgilio, Diana</contributorName>
         <affiliation>University of Konstanz</affiliation>
      </contributor>
      <contributor contributorType="ProjectMember">
         <contributorName>Witt, Marjenn</contributorName>
         <affiliation>University of Konstanz</affiliation>
      </contributor>
   </contributors>
   <descriptions>
      <description descriptionType="Abstract">KOSVED provides detailed information on the magnitude and location of events of one-sided violence in 20 civil wars. Schneider and Bussmann (2013) describe the data set in detail. Information on the variables can be found in the KOSVED codebook</description>
      <description descriptionType="Other">One-sided violence occurs frequently during war. Systematic research on this form of violence, however, only started to emerge since the 1990s. Most existing data sets only include information about the most serious episodes of one-sided violence like mass killings or genocides, or are temporarily or spatially highly aggregated.  The KOSVED project offers detailed information about particular instances of one-sided violence.</description>
      <description descriptionType="Other">For KOSVED data organized by event, please visit the KOSVED data page: https://cms.uni-konstanz.de/fileadmin/archive/kosved/polver/gschneider/forschung/kosved/data/index.html. When using KOSVED, please cite the data set article: Schneider, Gerald and Margit Bussmann. 2013. “Accounting for the Dynamics of One-Sided Violence: Introducing KOSVED”. Journal of Peace Research 50: (5) and, if needed, the codebook: Margit Bussmann and Gerald Schneider (with Constantin Ruhe, Adam Scharpf and Roos van der Haer). 2011. Konstanz One-Sided Violence Event Dataset (KOSVED) Codebook. Version 2.0.</description>
   </descriptions>
   <language>
          en
        </language>
   <relatedIdentifiers>
      <relatedIdentifier relatedIdentifierType="DOI" relationType="IsSupplementTo">10.1177/0022343313492990</relatedIdentifier>
   </relatedIdentifiers>
   <fundingReferences>
      <fundingReference>
         <funderName>German Peace Foundation</funderName>
         <funderIdentifier funderIdentifierType="Other">https://ror.org/00rh0mt41</funderIdentifier>
      </fundingReference>
      <fundingReference>
         <funderName>European Commission</funderName>
         <funderIdentifier funderIdentifierType="Other">https://ror.org/00k4n6c32</funderIdentifier>
      </fundingReference>
      <fundingReference>
         <funderName>University of Konstanz</funderName>
         <funderIdentifier funderIdentifierType="Other">https://ror.org/0546hnb39</funderIdentifier>
      </fundingReference>
   </fundingReferences>
   <sizes>
      <size/>
   </sizes>
   <formats>
      <format>application/x-tar</format>
   </formats>
</resource></metadata></record></GetRecord></OAI-PMH>